Benchmark di Settore (Italia e Svizzera Italiana (UE))
Audited empirical datasets tracking merchant acquiring fees, MoR compliance schedules, edge V8 vs microVM compute latency, object storage egress economics, quarterly NVMe disk IOPS, and Ollama GPU inference throughput.
1. Merchant Payment Gateways & MoR Benchmark (2026)
Empirical fee schedules, cross-border surcharges, foreign exchange spreads, dispute costs, and global tax compliance capabilities across major payment providers.
| Provider | Operating Model | US Domestic Fee | Intl Card Surcharge | FX Conversion Spread | Dispute Fee | Global Tax / VAT Handling | Official Source | Verified |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stripe | PSP (Merchant Account) | 2.9% + $0.30 |
+1.5% international cards | 1.0% conversion fee | $15.00 / dispute | Merchant responsible (Stripe Tax: 0.5% add-on) | Stripe Pricing Schedule ↗ | 2026-09-12 |
| Lemon Squeezy | MoR (Merchant of Record) | 5.0% + $0.50 |
+1.5% international cards | Embedded in MoR rate | $15.00 / dispute | Full native MoR remittance in 100+ countries | Lemon Squeezy Pricing ↗ | 2026-09-15 |
| Paddle | MoR (Merchant of Record) | 5.0% + $0.50 |
Included in standard MoR fee | Wholesale spot rate | $15.00 / dispute | Full native MoR liability & remittance | Paddle Standard Pricing ↗ | 2026-09-14 |
| Shopify Payments | PSP (Integrated Platform) | 2.4% – 2.9% + $0.30 |
+1.0% international fee | 1.5% – 2.0% currency conversion | $15.00 / dispute | Calculated at checkout (merchant remittance) | Shopify Plan Fee Matrix ↗ | 2026-09-10 |
| Adyen | Omnichannel Enterprise PSP | Interchange++ (avg 0.6%–1.2% + $0.13) |
+0.50% cross-border interchange | 0.60% wholesale FX spread | Tiered ($5.00 – $15.00) | Custom ERP integration / merchant liability | Adyen Pricing Overview ↗ | 2026-09-08 |
2. Edge vs Serverless Compute Performance & Cost Benchmark
Empirical cold start initialization latency, tail response times (p99), memory allocations, and unit economics across distributed serverless runtimes.
| Runtime & Provider | Isolation Architecture | Median Cold Start (p50) | Tail Latency (p99) | Max Memory | Connection Pooling Support | Request Cost (per 1M) | GB-Sec Rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cloudflare Workers | V8 Engine Isolate (Edge) | < 5 ms | 18 ms | 128 MB (Unbound: 512 MB) | Native Hyperdrive / Smart Routing | $0.30 / 1M |
$0.00001250 |
| AWS Lambda (ARM Graviton3) | Firecracker MicroVM (Regional) | 145 ms | 850 ms | 10,240 MB | Amazon RDS Proxy / Managed VPC | $0.20 / 1M |
$0.00001333 |
| AWS Lambda (x86_64) | Firecracker MicroVM (Regional) | 210 ms | 1,120 ms | 10,240 MB | Amazon RDS Proxy / Managed VPC | $0.20 / 1M |
$0.00001667 |
| Fly.io Machines | Persistent MicroVM (Global Edge) | < 1 ms (warm) / 280 ms (wake) | 420 ms | 16,384 MB | Direct TCP Anycast / WireGuard mesh | $0.00 (billed by instance time) |
Shared CPU from $1.94/mo |
| Vercel Edge Functions | V8 Isolate (Global Edge) | 8 ms | 32 ms | 128 MB | Vercel Postgres / Edge Driver | $0.65 / 1M |
$0.00001500 |
3. Cloud Object Storage & Egress Cost Comparison Matrix
Comparative breakdown of data at rest pricing, Class A/B API operation fees, and outbound internet bandwidth egress rates across major cloud providers.
| Storage Provider & Tier | Base Storage ($/GB/mo) | Outbound Internet Egress ($/GB) | Class A Operations (per 10k) | Class B Operations (per 10k) | Minimum Retention | Durability SLA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AWS S3 Standard | $0.0230 / GB |
$0.0900 / GB (first 10 TB)
|
$0.0500 | $0.0040 | None | 99.999999999% (11 9s) |
| Cloudflare R2 | $0.0150 / GB |
$0.0000 / GB (Free) | $0.0450 | $0.0036 | None | 99.999999999% (11 9s) |
| Google Cloud Storage (Standard) | $0.0200 / GB |
$0.0850 / GB (Internet tier)
|
$0.0500 | $0.0040 | None | 99.999999999% (11 9s) |
| Bunny.net Edge Storage | $0.0100 / GB |
$0.0075 / GB (Global CDN transit)
|
$0.0000 (Free) | $0.0000 (Free) | None | Geographically replicated |
| Backblaze B2 Cloud Storage | $0.0060 / GB |
$0.0100 / GB (Free via Cloudflare CDN) | $0.0050 | $0.0004 | None | 99.999999999% (11 9s) |
4. Quarterly NVMe Disk IOPS & Storage Throughput Benchmark (Q4 2026)
Empirical fio 3.37 storage benchmarks measuring 4K Random Read/Write IOPS (QD32), Sequential Read/Write throughput (MB/s), and p99 disk commit latency across NVMe VPS, managed cloud, and bare-metal servers.
| Provider & Instance Tier | Storage Media | 4K Random Read IOPS | 4K Random Write IOPS | Lettura / Scrittura Sequenziale | Fio p99 Latency | Monthly Price & Traffic | Deploy / Audit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UltaHost NVMe VPS (Ulta-2) | Enterprise PCIe 4.0 NVMe RAID-10 | 94,500 IOPS | 78,200 IOPS |
3,420 / 2,890 MB/s |
0.42 ms | $4.80/mo · Unmetered Traffic | Deploy UltaHost NVMe → |
| Cloudways Managed DO Premium | Local NVMe SSD (DigitalOcean Premium) | 82,400 IOPS | 64,800 IOPS |
2,950 / 2,310 MB/s |
0.58 ms | $14.00/mo · Managed Stack | Deploy Cloudways → |
| Cherry Servers AMD EPYC Bare Metal | Dual Dedicated Gen4 NVMe U.2 | 412,000 IOPS | 335,000 IOPS |
6,840 / 5,920 MB/s |
0.14 ms | $99.00/mo · 100TB Free Traffic | Deploy Bare Metal → |
| Database Mart Dedicated SQL/GPU Node | Dedicated Enterprise NVMe SSD | 168,000 IOPS | 139,500 IOPS |
4,650 / 3,980 MB/s |
0.26 ms | From $15.99/mo · Zero Egress Fees | Deploy DB Mart → |
| AWS EC2 t3.large + EBS gp3 Baseline | Network-Attached EBS gp3 (Baseline) | 3,000 IOPS (capped) | 3,000 IOPS (capped) |
125 / 125 MB/s (capped) |
2.85 ms | $67.40/mo + $0.09/GB Egress | Hyperscaler Baseline |
5. Quarterly Ollama & vLLM GPU Inference Tokens/sec Benchmark (Q4 2026)
Single-stream and batched LLM token generation throughput (tokens/sec), Time-to-First-Token (TTFT), and monthly 24/7 hosting economics for Llama-3-8B, Llama-3-70B, and Qwen-2.5.
| Provider & GPU Node | GPU VRAM & Bandwidth | Llama-3-8B (Q4_K_M) | Qwen-2.5-32B (Q4_K_M) | Llama-3-70B (Q4_K_M) | Median TTFT | 24/7 Monthly Cost | Deploy / Audit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Database Mart Dedicated RTX 4090 | 24 GB GDDR6X (1,008 GB/s) | 128.4 tok/s | 41.6 tok/s |
Offload / Requires 48GB+ |
24 ms | $239/mo flat ($0 egress) | Rent RTX 4090 Server → |
| Database Mart Dedicated RTX A6000 / L40S | 48 GB GDDR6 (768–864 GB/s) | 114.2 tok/s | 38.9 tok/s |
19.8 tok/s (100% VRAM) |
29 ms | $389/mo flat ($0 egress) | Rent 48GB GPU Server → |
| Database Mart Budget RTX 3060 / A4000 | 12–16 GB GDDR6 (360–448 GB/s) | 64.5 tok/s | 18.2 tok/s (Q3_K_S) |
N/A (VRAM bound) |
45 ms | $99–$149/mo flat ($0 egress) | Rent Budget GPU VPS → |
| Cherry Servers Bare-Metal Dual L40S / A100 | 80–96 GB HBM2e / GDDR6 | 162.0 tok/s | 68.4 tok/s |
42.6 tok/s (Tensor Parallel) |
18 ms | Hourly or Monthly · 100TB Traffic | Deploy GPU Cluster → |
| AWS EC2 g5.xlarge (1x NVIDIA A10G) | 24 GB GDDR6 (600 GB/s) | 79.2 tok/s | 25.4 tok/s |
Offload / Requires g5.12xlarge |
36 ms | $734.40/mo + EBS + Egress | Hyperscaler Baseline |
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